The global insurance market is entering a more complex phase as geopolitical volatility and rapid investment in digital infrastructure alter risk profiles across multiple lines, according to WTW.

In its latest Insurance Marketplace Realities report, the company highlighted a growing gap between generally favourable conditions for many buyers and an underlying risk environment that is becoming more volatile and interconnected.

While competition and ample capacity continue to support softer pricing in several property and specialty classes, the broker warned that political tension, climate-driven secondary perils, and litigation trends are adding pressure beneath the surface.

Political risk pricing diverges, insurers adopt national‑security lens

Political risk, once largely confined to specific sectors or frontier markets, is now cutting across supply chains, infrastructure, and financial systems. According to the report, recent developments in the Middle East are already feeding through to the political risk insurance market, with rates in Gulf countries expected to rise by as much as 20% to 30%.

"Geopolitical uncertainty is no longer a background risk. It's a primary driver of volatility across the insurance market," said Jackie Bolig, head of placement and broking solutions for corporate risk & broking, North America. "From supply chain disruption to energy scrutiny and regulatory divergence, we're seeing global events translate into real, immediate impacts on risk and cost."

Property softens even as secondary perils mount

WTW pointed to a notable softer property market, despite ongoing climate volatility. Increased insurer competition and an improved reinsurance backdrop are producing rate reductions of up to 15% for single-carrier programs and as much as 25% for shared and layered placements.

The broker noted, however, that secondary perils such as wildfires, floods, and severe convective storms are becoming more frequent and costly, expanding the loss footprint beyond traditionally exposed regions. That is forcing property underwriters to refine their view of risk, lean more heavily on high‑resolution hazard data, and scrutinize valuation and risk‑engineering information even as they compete on price.

The combination of softening primary rates and rising secondary‑peril volatility raises questions about how sustainable current pricing will be if loss activity accelerates. Many are using the easier market to rebalance portfolios by geography and occupancy rather than simply adding limit.

Digital infrastructure brings converging physical and cyber exposures

On the emerging‑risk side, the report underlined the speed at which AI and cloud adoption is driving investment in data centres and wider digital ecosystems. These facilities are increasingly treated as critical infrastructure, concentrating both physical risks such as power, cooling, and fire protection, and cyber risks ranging from ransomware to state‑linked attacks.

WTW said this convergence is pushing insurers and buyers toward more integrated risk management approaches that cut across property, cyber, energy, and regulatory exposures. A prolonged power outage or targeted cyber incident at a key data‑centre cluster, for example, can simultaneously trigger physical damage, long‑tail liability, regulatory investigation, and business interruption across multiple insureds.

Insurers are responding by tightening underwriting standards for critical digital infrastructure, demanding more detail on resilience planning, incident response, and supply chain dependencies. The report suggests that clients able to demonstrate robust controls and contingency planning will be better placed to maintain broad coverage and more stable pricing as scrutiny increases.

Trade credit stable, but tariffs emerge as key stress point

Despite rising bankruptcies and claims in some sectors, WTW described the trade credit market as “highly competitive,” with plentiful capacity and stable terms for well‑managed portfolios. That reflects relatively strong bank and corporate balance sheets, together with insurers’ appetite for fee‑generating credit risk in a low‑growth environment.

Tariffs, however, are emerging as a pressure point. Higher trade barriers are adding cost to imported goods, squeezing corporate margins and complicating pricing for export‑oriented sectors. As companies reroute supply chains or pass on higher costs, insurers are monitoring whether weaker credits or heavily leveraged businesses are more likely to default.

Meanwhile, the report also flagged worsening severity trends in healthcare-related liability.

WTW noted that the average of the top 50 medical malpractice verdicts rose from $32 million in 2022 to $56 million in 2024, a 75% increase. At the same time, investor‑backed litigation claims are associated with a 60.5% increase in payouts, underscoring the impact of third‑party litigation funding on claim sizes and settlement behavior.

Buyers’ market underpins capacity, but complexity is rising

Across the board, WTW concluded that buyers’ market conditions “persist amid growing risk complexity.” Capacity remains ample for risks with strong loss histories and good data, and competition is delivering meaningful rate relief in parts of the property and specialty markets.

At the same time, the broker pointed to a long list of structural pressures - from tariff uncertainty, climate volatility, and secondary perils to AI dependency, cyber exposure, and geopolitical instability -that are reshaping risk appetites.

That means using the current phase of softer pricing to improve portfolio quality and investment in analytics rather than chasing growth at the expense of margin. It also suggests that while pricing may be favourable in the near term, program structure, data quality, and governance will become increasingly important in securing capacity on acceptable terms as the risk landscape continues to evolve.